Project File Settings Reference

Note

This page is a detailed tabular reference of all XML settings keys. For a general overview of the project file structure and its sections, see the Project File Structure Guide.

Overview

Project settings are organized by their XML element path hierarchy. The first level represents the root tag (e.g. system, model), the second level represents the main submodule, and deeper levels represent nested configurations. Settings attributes are formatted with their types, default values, and description tooltips.

System Settings (system)

File Paths (system.path)

Default paths for different types of files are defined in the section system.path in the project file. Generally, all paths might be given either as absolute or as relative. If relative paths are provided, then they are considered to be relative to the home directory of the project. If the home project setting is empty, the location of the project.xml itself will be used as the the home-directory. Filenames And Paths

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
home	directory selection	project's home directory	Home: The project’s home directory. If empty, the directory containing the project file is the home folder.
database	directory selection	database directory	Database: Directory containing the databases. Default: “database”
lip	directory selection	LIP file directory	LIP files: Directory containing the binary LIP files. See Lightroom about creating LIPS! Default: “lip”
output	directory selection	output directory	Output: Default path for the output database(s). Default: “output”
temp	directory selection	temp	temp: default path for temporary files. Deprecated.
script	directory selection	script	script: default for script files. Deprecated.
init	directory selection	init	init: default for init files. Deprecated.

Databases (system.database)

Defines the main input database, that primarily stores the species parameter Species Parameter

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
in	file selection	input database file	Input: Defines the main input database, that primarily stores the species parameter. Species Parameter
out	file selection	output database file	Output: Results of simulations are written to this database Organizing Outputs
climate	file selection	climate database file	Climate: The SQLite database containing the climate data driving the simulation Climatedata

System Settings (system.settings)

Settings controling logging in iLand.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
logLevel	combo dropdown [options: Warning, Debug, Info, Error]	Warning	Log level: This setting defines the logging intensity. When running on the Debug logging level, the log output contains many details that may slow down the application. Default is Debug. Note: this setting is in system.settings!
multithreading	boolean	true	Multithreading: If checked, iLand will use several threads to perform its calculations (if more than 10 RessourceUnits are defined).
threadCount	numeric	-1	ThreadCount: Number of used threads if multithreading is enabled. -1 uses all available CPU cores.
debugOutput	numeric	1	Debug Output: Defines the active debug outputs. Each output is coded by a single bit. Find a list of currently available outputs under the debug data menu of the iLand application. e.g: a value of 17 (=16+1) would enable the water output (16) and the Tree NPP output (1).
debugOutputAutoSave	boolean	true	Debug output autosave: If checked, csv-output files are created for each active debug output and saved to the temp directory (see Path-section).
randomSeed	numeric	0	Random seed: Non-zero values are used as the seed for the random number generator. This results in a reproducible series of (pseudo)-random numbers. Empty or 0 causes different random numbers for each run and therefore stochastic variation between runs. Note: this does not work when multi threading is enabled. Default value is 0.
expressionLinearizationEnabled	boolean	false	Expression Linearization: If checked, specific expressions (user defined formulas, e.g. for light response) use a interpolation approach to increase the calculation performance.
responsive	boolean	true	Responsive: If checked, iLand is more responsive during lengthy calculations (i.e. the user interface freezes less frequently)

Logging (system.logging)

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
logTarget	combo dropdown [options: console, file]	console	Log target: If file the log output is stored in a file (see logFile). If console the log output is printed in the log window of the iLand main application.
logFile	file selection	log file name	Log file: Log-output is stored in this file. If the filename contains the string “\(date\)”, it is replaced by a timestamp (yyyymmdd__hrmiss). The default location is the log-path. A new file is created whenever the model created (e.g. after clicking “Create Model” or “Reload”).
flush	boolean	false	Flush log: Log information is immediately written to the logfile when flush is true. This can be useful for debugging purposes (but might slow down execution).

Javascript Options (system.javascript)

This section deals with Javascript-script files that are loaded into the models’ script engine at startup. See Iland Scripting

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
fileName	file selection	javascript file name	File name: The filename of a javascript file to load.

Model Settings (model)

Advanced Parameters (model.parameter)

Other technical parameters (Note: from the section “model.parameter” of the project file)

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
torus	boolean	false	Torus landscape: If true, the simulation space is treated as a torus, where any influence (e.g. a light influence pattern) leaving on one side again enters at the opposite site. This is especially useful for small simulated areas to provide a continuous environment without edge effects. Simulation Extent
debug_tree	string	ruindex=2 and dbh>30	Debug tree: A filter expression executed for trees during initialization. Textual debug output is generated only for those trees passing the filter. (e.g.: “ruindex=2 and dbh>30”). Providing an empty string is the fastest option when the debug data is not used. To enable debug output for all trees, set the value to ‘1’ or ‘true’.
debug_clear	boolean	false	Clear debug: If true, text debug will be cleared after each simulation year. If set to false, the debug info is kept to provide time series information.
gpp_per_year	numeric	10	GPP per year: If set, the production module is short-cut and this amound of NPP (kg/ha) is available for growth.
debugDumpStamps	boolean	false	Dump stamps: If true, the content of the LIP-files is dumped to the console. This feature is provided for debugging purposes.

World & Spatial Setup (model.world)

Define the width and height (in m) of the simulated area Simulation Extent

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
cellSize	numeric	2	Cell size: The size of pixels of the light grid (m). The default is 2m, change not recommended.
width	numeric	100	Width: The horizontal (east-west) extent of the simulation area (m).
height	numeric	100	Height: The vertical (north-south) extent of the simulation area (m).
buffer	numeric	60	Buffer: A buffer zone with the given width is attached to the rectangle of the simulation area (defined by width and height).
latitude	numeric	45	Latitude: Latitude of project area (in degree). Used for day of length calculation.
resourceUnitsAsGrid	boolean	true	RU as grid: If checked, each resource unit is a 100x100 pixel.default is true.
location.x	numeric	0	x: Offset in x-direction
location.y	numeric	0	y: Offset in y-direction
location.z	numeric	0	z: Offset in z-direction
location.rotation	numeric	0	Rotation: A value for rotation rotates the GIS-based input data. Note that this can have side-effects with e.g. the orientation of LIP-patterns. rotation is given in degrees.
environmentEnabled	boolean	false	Enable: If checked, the spatial distribution of several model parameters is loaded from an environment file. See keys below and the pages initialization and simulation extent for details.
environmentMode	combo dropdown [options: grid, matrix]	grid	Mode: This settings determines how the environment file is interpreted. Possible values are grid and matrix. In grid-mode a GIS grid defines the spatial pattern, in matrix mode resource units are addressed using the resource unit index.
environmentGrid	file selection	grid filename	Grid: Filename of the GIS grid which is used in grid-mode. The grid contains integer IDs which are used to map the parameter values in the environment file to resource units within the landscape.
environmentFile	file selection	environment filename	File: filename of the environment file. Default path is the project path.
DEM	file selection	DEM file	DEM file: If not empty, a digital elevation model is read from a file (ESRI ASCII raster).
standGrid.enabled	boolean	false	Enable: If checked, the stand grid is loaded and used.
standGrid.fileName	file selection	stand grid file	File path: Path to the stand grid file (ESRI ASCII format, relative to the project root). See also the section location, and landscape setup.
timeEventsEnabled	boolean	false	Enable: If true, the time event mechanism is enabled. Similar to the spatial parameter distribution, project settings can be linked to specific year to change.
timeEventsFile	string	time event file name	Time event file: filename of the “time events” file. This is a simple CSV-style file with a fixed column year and user-defined columns with column names of valid project file keys.
areaMask.enabled	boolean	false	Enable: If checked, the mask of valid project area is retrieved from an image (located at imageFile).
areaMask.imageFile	string	image file name	Image file: Filename of the image file used for the overlay.

Climate Configurations (model.climate)

The table name in the climate database and a SQL filter to select a subset of data. See environment file mechanism for spatial data Simulation Extent

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
tableName	string	name sqlite table	Table name: Name of the SQLite table within the defined climate database to load (system.database.climate).
filter	string	filter expression	Filter: An optional filter criterion that is added to the where clause of the SQL for reading the climate data. This can be useful e.g. for skipping parts of the climate records. Example: ‘year>2000 and year<2010’ limits used climate data to the years 2001 to 2009.
batchYears	numeric	10	Batch years: For performance reasons the access to the climate database accesses is performed bulked. This setting specifies how many years are loaded at once.
randomSamplingEnabled	boolean	false	Enable random sampling: if true, only the first batchYears of the climate file are loaded (but see filter). The actual climate for each year is the sampled from this climate data. See also randomSamplingList. (default=false)
randomSamplingList	string	empty	Random sampling list: if this key contains a list of 0-based indices (e.g. “3, 12, 14, 0, 3, 14”, the random sampling (if enabled) uses this sequence of years. Note: the index is 0-based (in the example the 4th year would be used first). Use any non-word characters as delimiters. The list will be recycled if more years are simulated than present in the list. The index values are to be between 0 and batchYears-1. If invalid indices are in the list, an error is reported. If the key is empty or not present, each year a climate year is selected randomly from the list of loaded years. default=empty
co2concentration	numeric	380	CO2 concentration: Current value of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Default value is 380ppm. A time series may be implementing using the Time-Event feature. See also section world.species.CO2Response
co2pathway	combo dropdown [options: No, RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5]	No	CO2 pathway: Selects a pre-defined CO2 concentration pathway, default is no change (‘No’).
co2startYear	numeric	1840	CO2 start year: If a co2pathway is used, then co2startYear defines the starting point of CO2 concentration within the simulation.
temperatureShift	numeric	0	Temperature shift: Simple option to modify the climate. The value is added to each daily temperature (default = 0)
precipitationShift	numeric	1	Precipitation shift: Simple option to modify the climate. The daily precipitation is multiplied for each day with this value. (default = 1).
microclimate.enabled	boolean	false	Enable: Enables the submodule
microclimate.barkbeetle	boolean	true	Effect on bark beetles: Enables the effect of microclimate buffering for overwintering success of Spruce bark beetles
microclimate.decomposition	boolean	true	Effect on decomposition: Enables the microclimate buffering effect for decomposition of dead wood and litter
microclimate.establishment	boolean	true	Effect on establishment: Enables the effect of microclimate buffering for tree establishment

Initialization Options (model.initialization)

Describes how to set up initial tree vegetation in the model. See Initialize Trees

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
mode	combo dropdown [options: single, unit, map, standgrid, snapshot]	single	Mode: type of intialization (e.g., from single files or a snapshot).
type	combo dropdown [options: distribution, single]	distribution	Type: Describes the type of a initialization file. Possible values: distribution or single (see also: initialize trees ).
file	file selection	path to initialization file	File: Path of the initialization file to be loaded. In mode unit this key needs to be overwritten by the environment file. If blank, no trees are loaded.
saplingFile	file selection	path to sapling file	Sapling File: Path of the initialization file for saplings (see initialize trees). If blank, no saplings are loaded.
mapFileName	file selection	file for init and matching stands	Map File Name: When using the ‘map’ mode, the matching of stands and init files is defined in this file.
randomFunction	string	function expression	Random Function: Defines the function (as an expression) used when estimating positions for individual trees (for init files of type distribution).
heightGrid.enabled	boolean	false	Enable: If true, the top height grid is used.
heightGrid.fileName	file selection	default system.path.init	File name: the ESRI ASCII file that holds the tree top heights (default path is system.path.init).
heightGrid.maxTries	numeric	10	Max. tries: The maximum number of attempts to find a suitable cell for a tree (default: 10).
heightGrid.fitFormula	string	polygon(x,0,0,0.8,1,1.1,1,1.25,0)	Fit formula: Equation that estimates the suitability of a target 10m cell based on the relative height of the tree compared to the top canopy height. default: polygon(x, 0,0, 0.8,1, 1.1, 1, 1.25,0).
snags.swdC	numeric	5	string: initial carbon content in (standing) snags (kg/ha)
snags.swdCN	numeric	0.1	C/N Ratio: CN ratio of snags
snags.swdCount	numeric	100	Number Snags: number of snags
snags.otherC	numeric	string	Carbon Content Other Wood Pools: Initial carbon content in the pools for other wood (i.e. branches and coarse roots). (kg/ha.). This content is split up into the five parts.
snags.otherCN	numeric	string	C/N Ratio Branches,Roots: CN ratio of ‘otherC’ (branches, coarse roots).
snags.otherAbovegroundFraction	numeric	0.4	Other Aboveground Fraction: Initial fraction (0..1) of C in the other pool from aboveground (branches).
snags.swdDecompRate	numeric	0.1	Decay rate standing snags: decay rate of standing snags (i.e. ksw)
snags.woodDecompRate	numeric	0.1	Decay rate wood: string
snags.swdHalfLife	numeric	10	Halflife initial snags: halflife attached to initial snags (years)

Site & Soil Properties (model.site)

Site characteristics and soil properties. Note: see environment file for spatial distribution.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
availableNitrogen	numeric	60	Available nitrogen: Fertility of the site, expressed as plant available nitrogen (kg/ha/year)
soilDepth	numeric	20	Soil depth [cm]: Depth of (rock-free) root accessible soil in cm.
pctSand	numeric	string	Sand: Percentange of sand (0..100) in soil.
pctSilt	numeric	string	Silt: Percentange of silt (0..100) in soil.
pctClay	numeric	string	Clay: Percentange of clay (0..100) in soil.
youngLabileC	numeric	10000	Carbon content: (Initial) carbon content of ylC (i.e. litter) soil pool (kg/ha).
youngLabileN	numeric	500	Nitrogen content: (Initial) nitrogen content of ylC soil pool (kg/ha).
youngLabileDecompRate	numeric	0.2	Decomposition rate: (Initial) decomposition rate of yr pool.
youngLabileAbovegroundFraction	numeric	0.7	Fraction of C: (Initial) fraction of aboveground C in the litter (yL) layer (foliage).
youngRefractoryC	numeric	30000	Carbon content [kg/ha]: (Initial) carbon content of yrC (woody) soil pool (kg/ha)
youngRefractoryN	numeric	100	Nitrogen content: (Initial) nitrogen content of yrC (woody) soil pool (kg/ha)
youngRefractoryDecompRate	numeric	string	Decomposition rate: (Initial) decomposition rate of yr pool
youngRefractoryAbovegroundFraction	numeric	0.7	Aboveground fraction: Fraction (0..1) of C in the yR pool from aboveground sources (branches, stems)
somC	numeric	100000	Carbon content: (Initial) carbon content of oC (soil organic matter) soil pool (kg/ha)
somN	numeric	100	Nitrogen content: (Initial) nitrogen content of oN (soil organic matter) soil pool (kg/ha)
somDecompRate	numeric	0.1	Decomposition rate: Decomposition rate for soil organic matter (i.e. the “old” pool sensu ICBM)
soilHumificationRate	numeric	0.3	Soil humification rate: humification rate

Model Settings (model.settings)

Enable/disable main model processes

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
regenerationEnabled	boolean	false	Regeneration: If true, the regeneration submodule is enabled (seed production, seed dispersal, establishment, sapling growth, recruitment).
mortalityEnabled	boolean	true	Mortality: If false, tree mortaliy (intrinsic and stress related) will not be executed. Management works.
growthEnabled	boolean	true	Growth: If false, trees will apply/read light patterns, but do not grow.
carbonCycleEnabled	boolean	false	Carbon Cycle: If true, the snag dynamics and soil CN cycling sub-modules are enabled.
lightExtinctionCoefficient	numeric	0.5	Light Extinction Coefficient: “k” parameter (beer lambert) used for calc. of absorbed light on resourceUnit level
lightExtinctionCoefficientOpacity	numeric	0.5	Light Extinction Coefficient Opacity: “k” for beer lambert used for opacity of single trees
temperatureTau	numeric	300	Temperature tau: “tau”-value for delayed temperature calculation acc. to Mäkela 2008
epsilon	numeric	1.8	Epsilon: 3PG’s maximum efficiency in GPP production (default value: 1.8).
usePARFractionBelowGroundAllocation	boolean	true	Use PAR Fraction Below Ground Allocation: Changes the behavior of belowground allocation. If true, the ratio of utilized total radiation is used, otherwise this ratio is considered to be 1. (default=true)
airDensity	numeric	1	Air density: Density of air [kg/m3]
laiThresholdForClosedStands	numeric	3	LAI Threshold Closed Stands: For the calculation of the maximum canopy conductance a ramp is assumed for LAI values below this threshold. Default: 3
boundaryLayerConductance	numeric	0.2	Boundary Layer Conductance: Boundary layer conductance for the evaporation calculation. Default value: 0.2 m/s
waterUseSoilSaturation	boolean	false	Water Use Soil Saturation: If true, plants can access the water up to the saturation point (0kPa). If false, the accessible water is limited with the field capacity (-15kPa). Default is false.
interceptionStorageNeedle	numeric	4	Interception storage (needle): Asymptotic crown storage capacity for intercepted rain water of confiers. (default: 4).
interceptionStorageBroadleaf	numeric	2	Interception storage (broadleafed): Asymptotic crown storage capacity for intercepted rain water of deciduous trees. (default: 2).
snowMeltTemperature	numeric	0	Snow melt temperature: Threshold temperature for snow (degree Celsius). Precipitation on days with mean temperature below this threshold is modeled as snow; snow melts at mean temperatures above the threshold. default: 0°C.
snowDensity	numeric	300	Snow density: Density of snow in kg/m3 (default: 300)
snowInitialDepth	numeric	0	Snow initial depth: Depth of the snow pack (in m) at the start of the simulation (default: 0).
groundVegetationLAI	numeric	1	LAI ground vegetation: minimum LAI that is assumed to be provided by ground vegetation in absence of tree vegetation
groundVegetationPsiMin	numeric	-1.5	PsiMin of ground vegetation: Transpiration And Conductance In Saplings

Seed Dispersal (model.settings.seedDispersal)

This section describes if and how external seeds (i.e., seed input not dynamically simulated) is handled by the model. The available options are: No external seed input Seeds are available everywhere (with given probability per species) Seed input is spatially explicit, limited to cardinal directions (“buffer”) Fine-grained control over seed avaialability in the areas surrounding the simulated landscape (“seed belt”) See External Seeds

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
externalSeedEnabled	boolean	false	Enable External Seeds: If “true” external seeds are produced by species listed under externalSeedSpecies. If external seeds are enabled, the buffer-area of the simulation area is considered as a source of seeds.
externalSeedBackgroundInput	string	Psme	External Seed Background Input: Specifies a list of species together with a probability for each species. If a species is in the list, then a global background seed input is assumed (see external seeds).
dumpSeedMapsEnabled	boolean	true	Enable Dump Seed Maps: If “true”, seed-kernels are stored per species as .CSV file, and seedmaps are dumped per species and year as a pair of images (one image before actual dispersal, indicating seed availability, and one after seed dispersal)
dumpSeedMapsPath	directory selection	target directory seed maps	Path Seed Maps: target directory for seed maps / seed kernel dumps
externalSeedSpecies	string	Psme,Abmi	External Seed Species: list of species (case sensitive!) with external seed input (e.g., “Psme, Abmi”).
externalSeedSource	string	N,W	External Seed Source: Cardinal directions of external seed input. Specify as list of N,E,S,W (i.e.. north, east, south, west). If empty or missing, seeds enter from all directions. e.g.: “E,S” -> seed from east and south direction.
externalSeedBuffer	string	string	External Seed Buffer: This specifies a species-specific special “buffer”, i.e. it defines the distance between the external seed input and the edge of the simulation area. Unit is “seed pixels”, i.e. currently 20m. Specify as a ‘,’ separated list of alternately species name and buffer-width (e.g. “Psme, 2, Abmi, 1” -> 40m for Psme, 20m for Abmi). No special buffer is used for species not in the list. Note: the remaining seed source must be >1px due to an implementation detail of the dispersal routine.
recruitmentDimensionVariation	numeric	0.2	Recruitment Dimension Variation: Defines the range of variation (r) for recruited trees compared to the dimensions of the cohrt. tree_dbh = cohort_dbh * rnd(1-r, 1+r), tree_h = cohort_h * rnd(1-r, 1+r) (e.g: r=0.2 -> random number from 0.8 to 1.2). Note: this setting is slightly misplaced and affects all recruitments (transitions from saplings to trees)
seedBelt.enabled	boolean	false	Enable: The submodule is only active if enabled is true.
seedBelt.width	numeric	5	Width: The width of the seed belt (in pixels of the seed maps, currently 20m). E.g., a value of 10 would lead to a seed belt with a width of 200m.
seedBelt.sizeX	numeric	3	Size x: The number of sectors in x-direction. Sectors are used to specify fine grained species distribution within the belt.
seedBelt.sizeY	numeric	3	Size y: The number of sectors in y-direction. Sectors are used to specify fine grained species distribution within the belt.
longDistanceDispersal.thresholdArea	numeric	0.0001	Threshold Area: The threshold defines the density of potential seedlings per m² up to which a full kernel is used (default: 0.0001).
longDistanceDispersal.thresholdLDD	numeric	0.0000001	Threshold LDD: The threshold (again, seedlings per m²) defines the maximum distance of long-distance-dispersal (default: 0.0000001).
longDistanceDispersal.LDDSeedlings	numeric	0.5	LDD Seedlings: For LDD, the parameter defines p, the number of seedlings that is dispersed per discrete LDD-package. (default: 0.5).
longDistanceDispersal.rings	integer	5	Rings: ‘Rings’ defines the number of rings for which LDD dispersal is calculated.(default: 5)

Soil Settings (model.settings.soil)

This section contains parameters for the ICBM/2N carbon and nitrogen cycling sub model, and snags. More Details: Carbon and nitrogen cycling: Soil C And N Cycling Soil parameterization: Soil Parametrization And Initialization Individual tracking of dead trees: Dead Trees

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
useDynamicAvailableNitrogen	boolean	false	Use Dynamic Available Nitrogen: If true, iLand utilizes the plant available N from the soil model to calculate species responses. If false, the static value world.site.availableNitrogen will be used.
nitrogenDeposition	numeric	0	Nitrogen Deposition: To account for external nitrogen input, a nitrogen deposition (kgN/hayr) is added to the available nitrogen which is derived by the dynamic soil module calculations. Default: 0. Note that nitrogen deposition is not* added if the static world.site.availableNitrogen value is used.
qb	numeric	0.2	C/N Ratio Soil Microbes: C/N ratio of soil microbes
qh	numeric	0.2	C/N Ratio SOM: C/N ratio of SOM
leaching	numeric	0.5	Soil Leaching: How many percent of the mineralized nitrogen in O is not available for plants but is leached (0..1)?
el	numeric	0.1	Microbal Eff. Labile Pool: microbal efficiency in the labile pool, auxiliary parameter (see parameterization example)
er	numeric	0.1	Microbal Eff. Refractory Pool: microbal efficiency in the refractory pool, auxiliary parameter (see parameterization example)
swdDBHClass12	numeric	10	Dbh Class break 1-2: class break between classes 1 and 2 for standing snags (dbh, cm)
swdDBHClass23	numeric	20	Dbh Class break 2-3: class break between classes 2 and 3 for standing snags (dbh, cm)
swdDBHSingle	numeric	1000	Threshold Single trees: Trees with a larger DBH are treated as individual snags (dbh, cm)
decayClassThresholds	string	0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 0.9	Thresholds for decay classes: comma-separated list of 4 values defining the decay thresholds (based on remaining biomass) for the five decay classes for individual SWD/DWD.

Browsing Settings (model.settings.browsing)

This section contains settings related to the browsing effect by ungulate game species.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable: If false the browsing module is disabled, i.e. no effect is calculated.
browsingPressure	numeric	0.1	Browsing Pressure: scaling factor modifying the base probability

Permafrost Settings (model.settings.permafrost)

The module simulates the annual freeze-thaw cycle of the active layer, driven by heat transfer from the atmosphere and the deeper permafrost layer. The module also simulates the growth dynamics of the moss layer, which plays a crucial role in insulating the permafrost (see advanced settings).

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable: Permafrost sub module switched on when true
onlySimulate	booelan	false	Only simulate: If true, permafrost is calculated but has no effect on water cycle
initialGroundTemperature	numeric	4	Initial ground temperature: Initial temperature in depth ‘groundBaseDepth’ below the active layer: at depth “groundBaseDepth” the temperature is assumed to remain +- constant within a year and to follow MAT with a 10yr delay. The initial value is given with ‘initialGroundTemperature’ and the depth from which thermal energy flows.
initialDepthFrozen	numeric	2	Initial depth frozen: Depth (m) up to which the soil is frozen at the start of the simulation (1st of January). For permanent permafrost the value is capped at 2m.
groundBaseDepth	numeric	3	Ground base depth: Depth (m) of the zone below the active layer from where the secondary heat flux (from below) originates.
lambdaOrganicLayer	numeric	1	Lambda organic layer: Thermal conductivity W/m*K of soil organic layer and moss
lambdaSnow	numeric	0.5	Lambda snow: Thermal conductivity W/m*K of snow
organicLayerDensity	numeric	50	Organic layer density: Density (kg/m3) of the soil organic layer (default: 50).
organicLayerDefaultDepth	numeric	0.1	Organic layer default depth: Depth of the soil organic layer (m) (only relevant when dynamic carbon cycle is disabled) (default: 0.1)
maxFreezeThawPerDay	numeric	10	Max. freeze/thaw per day: Cap for daily freezing and thawing (mm water column)
moss.biomass	numeric	100	Biomass: Initial life moss in kg/ha
moss.bulk_density	numeric	0.8	Bulk density: Density of the moss layer in kg/m3.
moss.light_k	numeric	0.75	Light extinction coeff.: Light extinction coefficient used for tree canopy and moss.
moss.light_comp	numeric	0.3	Light compensation point: Light level (proportion of light above canopy) above which photosynthesis is possible.
moss.light_sat	numeric	0.3	Light saturation point: Light level (proportion of light above canopy) above which an increase in light does not increase GPP
moss.respiration_b	numeric	5	Biomass loss respiration: Annual loss of moss biomass due to respiration (flux to atmosphere).
moss.respiration_q	numeric	10	Biomass loss turnover: Annual loss of moss biomass due to turnover (flux to litter).
moss.CNRatio	numeric	0.5	CNRatio litter: CN-ratio of moss litter entering the litter pool of iLand.
moss.r_decomp	numeric	0.1	Decomposition rate litter: Decomposition rate of moss litter that enters the litter pool of iLand
moss.r_deciduous_inhibition	numeric	0.45	Inhibition effect decid. litter: Parameter to calculate inhibition effect of fresh broadleaved litter (default: 0.45)

Grass Cover Settings (model.settings.grass)

This section contains settings related to the ground vegetation (grass and herbs) and its effect on regeneration success.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable Grass: enable/disable the submodule. Default is false.
type	combo dropdown [options: pixel, continuous, simplified]	pixel	Type: string
grassPotential	function	polygon(lif,0.1,0,0.7,1)	Potential: Function defining the potential grass cover 0..1 as a function of the light level of each 2x2m pixel value. The parameter is the light influence field (LIF), i.e. it is close to 1 for unobstructed conditions, and reach almost 0 within dense forests. See competition for light. Default value: polygon(lif, 0.1,0, 0.7,1)
maxTimeLag	numeric	2	Cover Time Lag: Number of years needed by the grass/herb layer to grow from 0 to full cover. This settings defines the growth speed, i.e. how fast new openings are occupied by ground vegetation.
grassEffect	function	formula for grass effect	Effect: Formula describing the probability of prohibiting regeneration as a function of grass level. Parameter: the current grass level on the pixel 0..1.
grassDuration	function	string	Duration: string
LIFThreshold	numeric	0.1	LIF Threshold: string

SVD States Settings (model.settings.svdStates)

Here are options related to SVD states

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable SVD States: enable/disable the submodule (necessary for SVDIndicator output!). Default is false.
structure	combo dropdown [options: 2m, 4m]	2m	Type: Class width for dominant height classes (m)
functioning	combo dropdown [options: 3, 5]	3	Type: Number of LAI classes (3/5)

Species Parameters (model.species)

This section identifies the source of the species parameters and configures climate response parameters. Note that nitrogenResponseClasses and phenology settings cannot be edited in this GUI settings editor and must be edited directly in the XML project file. For details on these complex settings, see Project File

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
source	string	species	Species Table Source: Defines the table in the input database that contains the species parameters.
reader	file selection	lip/reader.lip	LIP Reader file: Path to a binary LIP file containing the “reader”-matrices, i.e., a matrix for each crown radius class used to calculate the Light Resource Index (LRI).
CO2Response.p0	numeric	1	CO2 p0: Relative starting point for multiplication (e.g. GPP).
CO2Response.baseConcentration	numeric	380	CO2 Base Concentration: Base atmospheric CO2 concentration (in ppm) for which the base radiation use efficiency (RUE) is derived.
CO2Response.compensationPoint	numeric	80	CO2 Compensation Point: Compensation point of CO2 concentration (no production below this value, in ppm).
CO2Response.beta0	numeric	0.3	CO2 beta0: Relative productivity increase when doubling CO2 concentration.
lightResponse.shadeTolerant	function	1-exp(-6*(lri-0.05))	Light Response Shade Tolerant: Mathematical formula defining the light response of shade tolerant species (class 1) as a function of Light Resource Index (LRI).
lightResponse.shadeIntolerant	function	1-exp(-3*(lri-0.01))	Light Response Shade Intolerant: Mathematical formula defining the light response of shade intolerant species (class 5) as a function of Light Resource Index (LRI).
lightResponse.LRImodifier	function	exp(ln(lri)/0.5*(1-0.5*relH))	LRI Modifier: Formula describing LRI modification as a function of LRI and relative tree height (relH).
sprouting.adultSproutProbability	string	0	Adult Sprout Probability: Annual probability that one adjacent 2x2m pixel is colonized by lateral sprouts of adult trees (>4m). This can be a single global value (e.g. ‘0.1’) or a space-separated list of species short names and values (e.g. ‘Fasy 0.05 Quro 0.2’).

Forest Management & ABE (model.management)

The management section controls the Javascript based management subsytem of iLand. Note that, the Javascript interface can be ‘misused’ for other (i.e., not management related) tasks as well.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable Management: Management is disabled if the value is false. This switch relates to the “base” management subsystem.
file	file selection	javascript file	Javacsript file: Filename of the Javascript file to load (default path is the script path provided in the paths section).
abeEnabled	boolean	false	Enable ABE: Switch for turning the agent based management engine on/off.
abe.file	file selection	javascript file of ABE	Javacsript file: Filename of the main Javascript file of ABE (relative paths are relative to the project root).
abe.agentDataFile	file selection	data file for the spatial ABE setup	Agent data file: Filename of the data file for the spatial setup of ABE (relative paths are relative to the project root).

Module Settings (modules)

Fire (modules.fire)

simulates the ignition, spread and the impacts of wildfire on the landscape scale. See Wildfire for conceptual and Fire Module for technical documentation.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable: Turn fire simulation on or off
onlySimulation	boolean	false	Only Simulation: Only if value is string real effects of fire (on trees, snags, soil pools) are simulated (default: string). A value of true can be useful for testing purposes.”
allowBurnIn	boolean	true	Allow Burn In: A value of ‘true’ is required for burn-ins (If checked, iLand builds a map of edge pixels)
fuelKFC1	numeric	0.8	KFC1: Parameter kfC1 for calculation of fuel amount using compartment specific moisture relations
fuelKFC2	numeric	0.2	KFC2: Parameter kfC2 for calculation of fuel amount using compartment specific moisture relations
fuelKFC3	numeric	0.4	KFC3: Parameter kfC3 for calculation of fuel amount using compartment specific moisture relations
crownKill1	numeric	0.21111	1: Parameter kCK1 to calculate fraction of crown kill
crownKill2	numeric	-0.00445	2: Parameter kCK2 to calculate fraction of crown kill
crownKillDbh	numeric	40	Dbh: Dbh-threshold (cm) dbh_thres used in crown kill calculations
burnSOMFraction	numeric	0	SOM Fraction: Fraction (0..1) of SOM biomass that is assumed to be lost by a fire. 0=no biomass lost
burnFoliageFraction	numeric	1	Foliage Fraction: Fraction of foliage biomass (0..1) of died trees that is combusted
burnBranchFraction	numeric	0.5	Branch Fraction: Fraction of branch biomass (0..1) of died trees that is combusted
burnStemFraction	numeric	0.1	Stem Fraction: Fraction of stem biomass (0..1) of died trees that is combusted
wind.speedMin	numeric	0	Min. speed: Minimum wind speed (m/s)
wind.speedMax	numeric	10	Max. speed: Maximum wind speed (m/s). The wind speed is randomly selected between speedMin and speedMax for each fire event
wind.direction	numeric	0	Direction: The main wind direction (in degrees). North=0, East=90, South=180, West=270. For each fire event the wind direction is calculated as direction +- 45°”
KBDIref	numeric	200	KBDI Ref.: Reference value for the site specific KBDI (Keetch Byram Drought Index)
rFireSuppression	numeric	1	r Fire Suppress.: A scalar for fire suppression
rLand	numeric	1	r Land: “Multiplier for the fire spread probability for the resource unit (0..1). If below the (default) value of 1, fire spreads with a reduced probability (e.g. for riparian areas)”
meanAnnualPrecipitation	numeric	240	Mean Annual Precipitation: Mean annual precipitation (mm)
averageFireSize	numeric		Average Fire Size: Average fire size in m2
fireSizeSigma	numeric		Fire Size Sigma: “”
minFireSize	numeric		Minimum Fire Size: Minimum fire size (m2). If minFireSize is set to a very high value, the fire size distribution has effectively no limiting effect on the simulated fire sizes.
maxFireSize	numeric		Maximum Fire Size: Maximum fire size (m2).
fireReturnInterval	numeric	100	Fire Return Interval: Average number of years between two fires affecting a single pixel. A value of e.g. 100 means, that, on average, a pixel burns every 100 years”
fireExtinctionProbability	numeric	0	Fire Ext. Probability: Probability that a the fire on a burning pixel extincts without a chance to spread further

Wind (modules.wind)

The wind modules simulates the disturbance agent wind on landscape level. See Wind Disturbance and Wind Module for modeling concept and implementation, respectively.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Enable: Turn wind simulation on or off
triggeredByTimeEvent	boolean	false	Time triggers wind: If checked, then wind events are triggered by time events (i.e. defined in an external input file).
onBeforeWind	string	javascript expression	on BeforeWind: Javascript expression evaluated before a wind event is executed. For example, you could define a function that sets an event-specifc topo grid. (Note: it is “on BeforeWind” (without space) not “onbeforeWind” - the wiki does not allow the correct term)
onAfterWind	string	javascript expression	on AfterWind: Javascript function that is called after every wind event (e.g. for postprocessing). For example, you can provide myTestFunction() in XML, and defined a myTestFunction within the iLand Javascript engine. (Note: it is “on AfterWind” (no space) not “onafterWind” - the wiki does not allow the correct term )
speed	numeric	in m/s	Speed: Hourly mean above-canopy wind speed (10m above canopy, m/s). This general wind speed is modified by topography and may be modified during a event.
duration	numeric	in min	Duration: Duration of the wind event in minutes. Internally, duration is transformed to a number of iterations (see also durationPerIteration).
direction	numeric	90	Main: Main cardinal direction of the storm in degrees (0°: north, 90°: east, 180°: south, 270°: west). The direction of the wind may be modified for individual pixels (see directionVariation)
directionVariation	numeric	5	Variation: variation in wind direction (°) for fetch calculation; current wind direction = direction + rnd(-x, +x)
edgeProbability	numeric		Probability: Something about probability
edgeAgeBaseValue	numeric		Age Base Value: Tool tip about Base Value goes here
edgeBackgroundProbability	numeric		Background Probability: Hi
edgeDetectionThreshold	numeric		Detection Threshold: Guggug
factorEdge	numeric		Factor: Factor Edge
topoModifier	numeric		Modifier: Multiplier accounting for differences in local wind speed. The modifier is either resource unit specific (see simulation extent) or defined by 10m pixel (see setting topoGridFile). The actual wind speed for a pixel is calculated by multiplying the modifier with the speed.
topoGridFile	file selection		Grid File: Specifies a ASCII grid file containing the topoModifier. Modifier values are sampled for 10m pixels. File paths are relative to the project root folder.
topexModifierType	combo dropdown [options: multiplicative, additive]	multiplicative	Modifier Type: Specifies the calculation mode for values for the topoModifier. Possible values are “additive” and “multiplicative”, which is the default. If “additive”, the 10m-wind speed is calculated as (speed + topoModifier) * gustModifier.
speciesParameter	string	species name	Species parameter: Table name of the species parameter table for the wind module
soilFreezeMode	combo dropdown [options: yes, no, auto]	yes	Soil Freeze Mode: Switch to define how to determine the state of the soil. Possible values are the strings yes: always frozen, no: never frozen, auto: the state is determined by calculating the soil temperature; if the temperature in 10cm depth is below 0°, the soil is considered as frozen.
durationPerIteration	numeric	duration in minutes	Duration per iteration: duration (minutes) of one iteration of the model, i.e. how long it takes to advance the frontline of the storm to the next (10m) pixel. The factor is used to scale the duration to a number of iterations used internally by the model.
gustModifier	numeric	numeric factor	Gust modifier: Defines the variation of the global wind speed between iterations of the model. The gustModifier is given as a fraction (e.g. 0.05). The base wind speed is modified for each iteration with a value from the range +/- gustModifier (e.g.: multiplied by 0.95 - 1.05).
dayOfYear	numeric	0-365	Day of year: Day of the year (0..365) of the storm event (used to calculate soil temperature).
LRITransferFunction	string	max(min(3.733-6.467*LRI,3.41),0.5)	LRI Transfer function: Expression to compute the Hegyi concurrency index from the trees’ LRI. Default: max(min(3.733-6.467*LRI,3.41),0.5)

Barkbeetle (modules.barkbeetle)

The barkbeetle module simulates a specific biotic agent, namely the European Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus). See Bark Beetle Disturbance and Barkbeetle Module for details.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable: string
onAfterBarkbeetle	string	Javascript function	Run after: Javascript function that is called after bark beetle module (e.g. for specific aggregagations)
colonizeProbabilityFormula	string	string	Colonalization probability formula: string
deadTreeSelectivity	string	string	Dead tree selectivity: string
minimumDbh	string	string	Minimum Dbh: string
backgroundInfestationProbability	string	string	Background: string
initialInfestationProbability	string	string	Initial: string
stormInfestationProbability	string	string	Storm related: string
baseWinterMortality	string	string	Base Mortality: string
winterMortalityFormula	string	string	Formula: string
spreadKernelFormula	string	string	Formula: string
spreadKernelMaxDistance	string	string	Max. distance: string
cohortsPerGeneration	string	string	Per generation: string
cohortsPerSisterbrood	string	string	Per sisterbrood: string
outbreakClimateSensitivityFormula	string	string	Climate Sensitivity Formula: string
outbreakDurationMin	string	string	Duration min.: string
outbreakDurationMax	string	string	Duration max.: string
outbreakDurationMortalityFormula	string	string	Duration Mortality Formula: string
referenceClimate.tableName	string	Type in table name	Table Name: Tool tip
referenceClimate	table	seasonalPrecipSum;seasonalTemperatureAverage	1: 2
referenceClimate.seasonalPrecipSum	numeric	1;2;3;4	Precipitation sum: Tool tip seasonal prcip sum
referenceClimate.seasonalTemperatureAverage	numeric	12.3;4354.23	Temperature average: Tool tip temperature average

Bite (modules.bite)

bite, the Biotic Disturbance Engine is a general module to simulate biotic disturbance agents in ecosystem models. See Bite and Bite for more details.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable: Enable the bite module
file	file selection	Source code	bite code: JavaScript file that contains the definition of bite agents.

Output Settings (output)

Tree (output.tree)

Trees on off, removed or not

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Enable trees: Output of indivdual trees. Use the filter property to reduce amount of data (filter by resource-unit, year, species, …). The output is triggered after the growth of the current season. Initial values (without any growth) are output as ‘startyear-1’.
filter	integer	1	Filter: See tooltip treeremoved
enabled	boolean	true	Enabled: Output of indivdual trees. Use the filter property to reduce amount of data (filter by resource-unit, year, species, …). The output is triggered after the growth of the current season. Initial values (without any growth) are output as ‘startyear-1’.
filter	function	1	Filter: filter expression, tree variables

Treeremoved (output.treeremoved)

Removed indivdual trees Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Remove trees: Output of removed indivdual trees. Use the filter property to reduce amount of data (filter by resource-unit, year, species, …). The output is triggered immediately when a tree is removed due to mortality or management.
filter	integer	1	Filter: The filter is a binary combination of the following values: TreeDead=1, TreeDebugging=2, TreeDeadBarkBeetle=16, TreeDeadWind=32, TreeDeadFire=64, TreeDeadKillAndDrop=128, TreeHarvested=256, MarkForCut=512, MarkForHarvest=1024, MarkCropTree=2048, MarkCropCompetitor=4096, TreeAffectedBite=8192
enabled	boolean	true	Enabled: Output of removed indivdual trees. Use the filter property to select subsets of trees to record. The output is triggered immediately when a tree is removed due to mortality or management.
filter	numeric	1	Filter: The filter is a binary combination of the following values: TreeDead=1, TreeDebugging=2, TreeDeadBarkBeetle=16, TreeDeadWind=32, TreeDeadFire=64, TreeDeadKillAndDrop=128, TreeHarvested=256, MarkForCut=512, MarkForHarvest=1024, MarkCropTree=2048, MarkCropCompetitor=4096, TreeAffectedBite=8192

Stand (output.stand)

Aggregated vegetation per species for each resource unit Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Stand: Output of aggregates on the level of RU x species. Values are always aggregated per hectare (of stockable area). Use the ‘area’ column to scale to the actual values on the resource unit. The output is created after the growth of the year, i.e. output with year=2000 means effectively the state of at the end of the year 2000. The initial state (without any growth) is indicated by the year ‘startyear-1’.
condition	string	Stand condition	Condition: Controls if the output should be created for the current year (see dynamic stand output).
byRU	string	id number	Filter by RU: Limit the output to resource units that satisfy the given condition (e.g. ‘id=3’, or ‘leafAreaIndex<2’). For more information see iLand-Wiki on resource unit variables.
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: Output of aggregates on the level of RU x species. Values are always aggregated per hectare (of stockable area). Use the ‘area’ column to scale to the actual values on the resource unit. The output is created after the growth of the year, i.e. output with year=2000 means effectively the state of at the end of the year 2000. The initial state (without any growth) is indicated by the year ‘startyear-1’.
condition	function	Stand condition	Condition: Controls if the output should be created for the current year (see dynamic stand output).
byRU	function	id number	Filter by RU: Limit the output to resource units that satisfy the given condition (e.g. ‘id=3’, or ‘leafAreaIndex<2’). For more information see iLand-Wiki on resource unit variables.

Standdead (output.standdead)

Died trees in current year on the level of RU x species. Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Stand dead: Died trees in current year on the level of RU x species. The output is created after the growth of the year, i.e. the growth of year trees are dying in is included! NPP and NPP_kg are not recorded for trees that are removed during management.
enabled	boolean	true	Enabled: Died trees in current year on the level of RU x species. The output is created after the growth of the year, i.e. the growth of year trees are dying in is included! NPP and NPP_kg are not recorded for trees that are removed during management.

Production_Month (output.production_month)

Details about the 3PG production submodule on monthly basis and for each species and resource unit. Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Production month: Details about the 3PG production submodule on monthly basis and for each species and resource unit.
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: Details about the 3PG production submodule on monthly basis and for each species and resource unit.
condition	string		Capling: Condition to limit execution for specific years with the variable ‘year’ (the current year).

Management (output.management)

Outputs related to forest management

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Enable Management: Aggregates for trees that are removed in current year on the level of RU x species. All values are scaled to one hectare.The output is created after the growth of the year, i.e. the growth of the year in which trees are dying, is included!
enabled	boolean	true	Enable Management: Aggregates for trees that are removed in current year on the level of RU x species. All values are scaled to one hectare.The output is created after the growth of the year, i.e. the growth of the year in which trees are dying, is included!

Sapling (output.sapling)

Sapling cohorts per resource unit Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Enable Saplings: Output of the establishment/sapling layer per resource unit and species. The output covers trees between a dbh of 1cm (height>1.3m) and the recruitment threshold (i.e. a height of 4m).Cohorts with a dbh < 1cm are counted in ‘cohort_count_ha’ but not used for average calculations.
condition	string	ru and year	Sapling: Condition to limit execution for specific time/area with the variable ‘ru’ (resource unit id) and ‘year’ (the current year).
enabled	boolean	true	Enabled: Output of the establishment/sapling layer per resource unit and species. The output covers trees between a dbh of 1cm (height>1.3m) and the recruitment threshold (i.e. a height of 4m).Cohorts with a dbh < 1cm are counted in ‘cohort_count_ha’ but not used for average calculations.
condition	function	ru and year	Sapling: Condition to limit execution for specific time/area with the variable ‘ru’ (resource unit id) and ‘year’ (the current year).

Saplingdetail (output.saplingdetail)

Individual sapling cohorts Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Sapling Details: Detailed output on indidvidual sapling cohorts. For each occupied and living 2x2m pixel, a row is generated, unless the tree diameter is below the ‘minDbh’ threshold (cm).
condition	string	details	Condition details: Condition to limit execution for specific time/area with the variable ‘ru’ (resource unit id) and ‘year’ (the current year).
minDbh	string	5	Detail minDbh: Only trees with Dbh larger than the specified minDbh value (in cm) are considered.
enabled	boolean	true	Enabled: Detailed output on indidvidual sapling cohorts. For each occupied and living 2x2m pixel, a row is generated, unlessthe tree diameter is below the ‘minDbh’ threshold (cm).
condition	function	details	Condition details: Condition to limit execution for specific time/area with the variable ‘ru’ (resource unit id) and ‘year’ (the current year).
minDbh	numeric	5	Detail minDbh: Only trees with Dbh larger than the specified minDbh value (in cm) are considered.

Landscape (output.landscape)

Aggregated vegetation per species on landscape level Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: Output of aggregates on the level of landscape x species. Values are always aggregated per hectare. The output is created after the growth of the year, i.e. output with year=2000 means effectively the state of at the end of the year 2000. The initial state (without any growth) is indicated by the year ‘startyear-1’.
condition	function	condition landscape	Condition: Controls if the output should be created for the current year(see also dynamic stand output).

Carbon (output.carbon)

carbon pools on landscape and/or per resource unit level Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: Carbon and nitrogen pools (C and N) per resource unit / year and/or by landsacpe/year. On resource unit level, the outputs contain aggregated above ground pools (kg/ha) and below ground pools (kg/ha). For landscape level outputs, all variables are scaled to kg/ha stockable area. The area column contains the stockable area (per resource unit / landscape) and can be used to scale to values to the actual value on the ground.
condition	function	condition carbon	Condition: Controls if the output should be created for the current year(see also dynamic stand output).
conditionRU	function	condition carbon RU	Condition RU: can be used to suppress resource-unit-level details; eg. specifying ‘in(year,100,200,300)’ limits output on reosurce unit level to the years 100,200,300 (leaving ‘conditionRU’ blank enables details per default).

Dynamic (output.dynamic)

These are customizable outputs of varying complexity that allow fine grained control of collected data

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Enabled: Output of dynamic
columns	string	enter column names here	Columns: A list of columns to include

Dynamicstand (output.dynamicstand)

User-defined outputs for aggregated tree variables for each stand or species. Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: Userdefined outputs for tree aggregates for each stand or species. Technically, each field is calculated ‘live’, i.e. it is looped over all trees, and eventually the statistics (percentiles) are calculated. The aggregated values are not scaled to any area unit.
condition	function	condition dynamic stand	Condition: When present, the condition is evaluated and output is executed only when condition=true (variable=‘year’).This can be used to constrain the output to specific years (e.g. ‘in(year,100,200,300)’ produces output only for the given year.
conditionRU	function	in(year,50,100,150,200)	Condition RU: With this, calculation of RU level can be triggered even if filter by_ru is set to false (variable=‘year’). Note that in this case landscape level outputs are generated always, RU-level outputs only for certain years.
rufilter	function	dynamic stand ru filter	RU filter: Reduces the output to a subset of resource units
treefilter	function	dynamic stand tree filter	Tree filter: Reduces the output to a subset of trees, e. g. a treefilter of ‘speciesindex=0’ reduces the output to just one species.
by_species	boolean	false	Filter by species: true: for each species a row is created
by_ru	boolean	false	Filter by RU: true: outputs for all resource units are created, false: aggregate over the full project area is created
columns	string	dyanmic stand columns	Columns: Each field is defined as: field.aggregation (separated by a dot). A field is a valid Expression. Aggregation is one of the following: mean, sum, min, max, p25, p50, p75, p5, 10, p80, p85, p90, p95 (pXX=XXth percentile), sd (std.dev.). Complex expression are allowed, e.g: if(dbh>50,1,0).sum (-> counts trees with dbh>50). Note that the column names in the output table may be slightly different, as dots (and other special characsters) are not allowed in column names und substituted.

Customagg (output.customagg)

customagg are advanced outputs, that allow to group different entitites (saplings, trees, RUs) with different aggregation levels. Please edit details directly in the XML project file. Dynamic Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Enabled: Output of dynamic

Devstage (output.devstage)

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Enable: Output of dynamic
cellsize	combo dropdown [options: 10, 20, 50, 100]	10	Cellsize: Defines the cell size in meters. The value need to align with the 100m / 10m cells. Possible values are therefore: 10, 20, 50, 100
handler	string	JavaScript handler file	Handler: The name of the Javascript object that is handling the calculation of development stages.
filter	string	in(year,100,200,300)	Filter: Filter to limit output to specific years (variable: simulation year, e.g., ‘in(year, 100, 200, 300)’

Landscape_Removed (output.landscape_removed)

Aggregates of all removed trees due to ‘natural’ death, harvest, or disturbance per species and reason. Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: Aggregates of all removed trees due to ‘natural’ death, harvest, or disturbance per species and reason. All values are totals for the whole landscape. The user can select with options whether to include ‘natural’ death and harvested trees (which may slow down the processing).
includeHarvest	boolean	false	Include harvest: true/false: include/exclude trees that died due to natural mortality
includeNatural	boolean	false	Include natural: true/false: include/exclude harvested trees

Carbonflow (output.carbonflow)

Carbon fluxes per resource unit and year and/or aggregated for the full landscape. Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Enabled: Carbon fluxes per resource unit and year and/or aggregated for the full landscape. All values are reported on a per hectare basis (use the area provided in carbon or stand outputs to scale to realized values on the respective resource unit). For results limited to the project area, the data values need to be scaled to the stockable area. For landsacpe level outputs, data is always given per ha of (stockable) project area (i.e. scaling with stockable area is already included). Furthermore, the following sign convention is used in iLand: fluxes from the atmosphere to the ecosystem are positive, while C leaving the ecosystem is reported as negative C flux.
condition	function	condition carbonflow	Condition: Limits the output execution to specific years (variable ‘year’).
conditionRU	function	condition carbonflow RU	Condition RU: Used to suppress resource-unit-level details; eg. specifying ‘in(year,100,200,300)’ limits output on reosurce unit level to the years 100,200,300 (leaving ‘conditionRU’ blank enables details per default).

Soilinput (output.soilinput)

The output contains all carbon inputs to the soil layer (per RU) Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: The output contains all carbon inputs to the soil layer (per RU) and the climate modifier re. The data of the output can be used for estimating soil carbon parameters.

Water (output.water)

Annual water cycle output on resource unit/landscape unit. Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	Enabled: Annual water cycle output on resource unit/landscape unit. The output includes annual averages of precipitation, evapotranspiration, water excess, snow cover, and radiation input. The difference of precip - (evapotranspiration + excess) is the evaporation from intercepted precipitation. The spatial resolution is landscape averages and/or resource unit level (i.e. 100m pixels). Landscape level averages are indicated by -1 for the ‘ru’ and ‘index’ columns. Columns related to permafrost are 0 when permafrost module is disabled. The given values for depth are independent from the soil depth of iLand (e.g., soil depth can be 0.5m, but maxDepthFrozen can be 1.5m).
condition	function	condition water	Condition: Limits the output execution to specific years (variable ‘year’).
conditionRU	function	condition water RU	Condition RU: Used to suppress resource-unit-level details; eg. specifying ‘in(year,100,200,300)’ limits output on reosurce unit level to the years 100,200,300 (leaving ‘conditionRU’ blank enables details per default).

Barkbeetle (output.barkbeetle)

In this tab the outputs for disturbance modules are configured. Please see the “modules” tab for other settings for the modules!

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable barkbeetle: Output results from barkbeetle module

Wind (output.wind)

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable wind: The output contains information about wind impacts

Fire (output.fire)

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable fire: Fire event aggregates per fire event. The output contains a row for each (ignited) fire event.

Bite (output.bite)

This output provides annual statistics for each agent Bite Note that bite allows additional customized outputs per agent Bite

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable bite: The output provides annual statistics for each simulated biotic agent.

Abestand (output.abeStand)

ABE stand provides details about the forest state on stand level.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: This output provides details about the forest state on stand level. The timber is provided as standing timber per hectare. The output is rather performance critical, condition for evaluation can be applied.
condition	function	mod(year,10)=1	ABE stand eval. cond.: Limits the execution to certain years.

Abeunit (output.abeUnit)

ABE unit provides planned and realized harvests on the level of planning units.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: The output provides planned and realized harvests on the level of planning units. Note that the planning unit area, mean age, mean volume and MAI are only updated every 10 years. Harvested timber is given as ‘realizedHarvest’, which is the sum of ‘finalHarvest’ and ‘thinningHarvest.’ The ‘salvageHarvest’ is provided extra, but already accounted for in the ‘finalHarvest’ column.

Abestandremoval (output.abeStandRemoval)

ABE stand removal provides details about realized timber harvests on stand level.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: This output provides details about realized timber harvests on stand level. The timber is provided as standing timber per hectare. The total harvest on the stand is the sum of thinning and final.

Abestanddetail (output.abeStandDetail)

ABE stand details provides details about the forest state on species- and stand level.

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enabled: This output provides details about the forest state on species- and stand level. This output is more detailed than the abeStand output. The output is rather performance critical, condition for evaluation can be applied.
condition	function	mod(year,10)=1	ABE Standdetail eval. cond.: Limits the execution to certain years.

Svdstate (output.svdstate)

Vegetation state transitions on RU over time Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable State: Forest state (for SVD). The output contains fixed columns and adds two extra columns for every active tree species. Those species columns hold the species share 0..1 for the local and the mid-range-neighborhood. Former have ‘l_’ and latter ‘m_’ as prefix (e.g. ‘l_piab’, ‘m_piab’). Note that the sum of all shares is <=1, but can be lower than 1. See also the ‘svduniquestate’ output.

Svduniquestate (output.svduniquestate)

List of unique states encountered in the simulation Outputs

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable Unique State: List of forest states for the current simulation (for SVD). Each state is defined by a unique numerical Id (‘stateId’) which is used as a key in the ‘svdstate’ output.
condition	string	condition	Unique State Condition: List of forest states for the current simulation (for SVD). Each state is defined by a unique numerical Id (‘stateId’) which is used as a key in the ‘svdstate’ output.

Svdindicator (output.svdindicator)

SVD indicators Indicator data per resource unit as used by SVD. Please edit in XML project file Outputs !

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable Indicator: Indicator data per resource unit as used by SVD. The selection of indicators is triggered by keys in the project file

Svdgpp (output.svdgpp)

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	false	Enable GPP: GPP potential (as conditioned by climate/site) per species and m2.

Ecoviz (output.ecoviz)

Ecoviz is a forest landscape visualization tool, and this output produces tree data in required format for Ecoviz. Note that output files can become quite large!

XML Key	Type	Default Value	Description
enabled	boolean	true	ecoviz: Output of vegetatition data for Ecoviz tool
condition	function		condition: filter for execution of output
binary	boolean	false	binary: if true, a binary file (version 3) is written (.pdbb), a text file otherwise (.pdb)
fileName	string	output/pdb_$.pdb	fileName: file name pattern for output files. “$” is replaced with simulation year