Modeling regeneration processes in iLand follows the general recommendation of Price et al. (2001) to address the main processes associated with forest regeneration explicitly. Regeneration in iLand includes all processes of the stand initiation phase sensu Oliver and Larson (1996), i.e. from seeding to trees entering the stem exclusion stage (i.e. where trees are recruited into the iLand approach to model individual-based competition for resources).

The processes modeled in iLand regeneration module are

• dispersal
• establishment
• sapling growth and competition
• recruitment into the individual-based model structure

Special topics are:

• sprouts
• serotiny